Liposomal Iron

The aim of the work was to determine the effect of feeding a liposomal vitamin complex with zinc gluconate under heat stress (HS) on the concentration of individual hormones and the quality of boar sperm. The experiment was conducted on nine clinically healthy breeding boars, aged 2–4 years of Landrace, Pietren and Duroc breeds. Three stages of the study were conducted, each lasting 30 days, in which the selection of material and its analysis were similar: 1) under normal thermal conditions (<23 °C); 2) under HS conditions (25–30 °C); 3) under feeding a complex liposomal supplement under HS conditions (25–30 °C). In the third stage of the research on the background of HS, all boars were individually given a feed additive in the form of a liposomal emulsion for 30 days, which included vitamins A, D3, E, and C with zinc gluconate in a dose of 2 ml. At the end of each stage of the experiment, blood samples were taken from the experimental boars. The concentration of testosterone, cortisol, and thyroxine in blood plasma was determined by the enzyme-linked immunoenzymatic assay method. After completing each stage, ejaculates were taken from the boars by manual method twice a week for two weeks. The parameters of motility and morphology of germ cells, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were determined. It was found that under the influence of HS in the blood plasma of boars, the level of cortisol (P<0.01) and thyroxine (P<0.05) increased, while the concentration of testosterone significantly decreased (P<0.05). The negative effect of HS on spermatogenesis is confirmed by a significant (P<0.001) decrease in the concentration of testosterone in the plasma of sperm. Moderate HS reduces the overall motility of sperm of breeding boars (P<0.001) and the activity of germ cells with rectilinear translational movement (progressive motility; P<0.01), and doubles the percentage of degenerated sperm (P<0.001). Under the influe

In the summer, pigs often suffer from heat stress, which is accompanied by a decrease in their productivity and reproductive ability. Especially during this period, there is a deterioration in the quality of ejaculates of breeding boars, in particular, the functional activity of sperm. To level the effects of heat stress, researchers use drugs with antioxidant effects. The aim of the work was to find out the dynamics of changes in the quality of ejaculates of breeding boars under conditions of heat stress and after feeding a complex liposomal supplement. The experiment was conducted on 9 boars, aged 2–4 years of the Landrace, Duroc and Maxter breeds. Three stages of research were conducted, each lasting 30 days, in which the study of animals, the selection of material, and its analysis were similar: 1) under normal thermal conditions (<23 ºС); 2) under conditions of heat stress (25–30 ºС); 3) when feeding a complex preparation under conditions of heat stress (25–30 ºС). In the third stage of the study, against the background of heat stress, all boars were individually given a feed additive in the form of a liposomal emulsion for 30 days, which included vitamins A, D3, E, and C with zinc gluconate in a dose of 2 ml. After each stage of the experiment, ejaculates were collected from the boars for three weeks, in which the volume, concentration of sperm, their motility, fertilization ability, and resistance to temperature shock were determined. Mild and moderate heat stress of medium duration causes a significant decrease in the qualitative parameters of boar sperm: ejaculate volume, germ cell concentration (P < 0.01), sperm motility indicators (P < 0.01–0.001), kinematic parameters of boar spermatozoa motility using the CASA computer system (P < 0.001), their fertilization ability (P < 0.001) and resistance to temperature shock (P < 0.001). Feeding breeding boars a complex liposomal supplement (vitamins A, D3, E and C, zinc gluconate) during heat stress significantly

Simple Summary This study examined the effects of liposomal vitamin C, CoQ10, and bee venom on Nile tilapia health and performance. The 60-day feeding trial investigated impacts on growth, digestive enzymes, gut microbiota, tissue histology, immune function, and antioxidant responses. All nutraceuticals significantly improved these parameters, with bee venom demonstrating the most pronounced effects. Fish supplemented with these compounds showed enhanced digestive enzyme activities, beneficial gut microbiota shifts, improved tissue morphology, elevated immune markers, and increased antioxidant responses. The findings suggest the potential benefits of incorporating these nutraceuticals into tilapia aquaculture diets to optimize fish health and performance.

ABSTRACT Cold plasma (CP) was used as an innovative nonthermal approach for the decontamination of a functional supplement powder containing fish oil, hydrolyzed fish protein, and shrimp lipid extract in a liposomal structure—a lipid‐rich food matrix with high sensitivity to marine bioactive compound degradation. The supplement powder underwent CP treatment (air atmospheric) for 10–20 min at 8–12 kV, and its safety and physicochemical properties were investigated. Optimal conditions (20 min, 12 kV) resulted in a significant reduction in psychrotrophic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, and mold and yeast by 2.88, 2.67, and 0.35 log CFU/g, respectively (p < 0.05). CP treatment not only enhanced the microbiological safety of the supplements but also preserved their sensory attributes such as taste, aroma, and flavor. However, CP treatment was associated with minor alterations in color parameters, antioxidant capacity, and lipid oxidation, as evidenced by an increase in peroxide levels (0.52–0.58 meqO2/kg fat) and thiobarbituric acid values (1.36–1.65 μM) compared to the control samples (p < 0.05). These controlled oxidative changes highlight the potential of cold plasma for extending the shelf life of functional supplements containing heat‐sensitive marine bioactive compounds while maintaining their nutritional and therapeutic value, addressing a key challenge in the functional foods industry.

Ensayo clínico aleatorizado en 60 pacientes pediátricos con ERC comparando hierro liposomal oral 30mg/día vs hierro intravenoso. El hierro liposomal demostró eficacia comparable con mejor tolerabilidad y adherencia al tratamiento.

Vitamin C is an antioxidant and is essential for immune function and infection resistance. Supplementation is necessary when a sufficient amount of vitamin C is not obtained through the diet. Alternative formulations of vitamin C may enhance its bioavailability and retention over traditional ascorbic acid. This systematic review consolidates the evidence on this and the effects on immunity and infection. A systematic literature search was conducted in October 2024 in Embase and Medline, focused on healthy adults (Population); oral forms of liposomal-encapsulated ascorbic acid, liposomal-encapsulated lipid metabolite ascorbic acid, calcium ascorbate, slow-release ascorbic acid, or lipid metabolite ascorbic acid (Intervention); compared to placebo/others (Comparison); in terms of bioavailability, absorption, vitamin C concentration in plasma, serum, and leukocytes, and impacts on tolerability, immunity, and infection (Outcome); and included randomized or non-randomized controlled trials, single-arm trials, and observational studies (Study design). Thirteen studies were included, several evaluating calcium ascorbate in combination with vitamin C metabolites, including L-threonate, referred to here as Calcium ascorbate EC (Ester C®; n = 7). No safety or tolerability concerns were noted with Calcium ascorbate EC vs. placebo or ascorbic acid. Calcium ascorbate EC showed better tolerability and fewer epigastric adverse events, improved quality of life, and induced favorable oxalate changes vs. ascorbic acid. Four studies reported leukocyte vitamin C concentration, some showing higher concentrations with Calcium ascorbate EC vs. ascorbic acid; seven reported more favorable plasma concentrations with the alternative forms over ascorbic acid or placebo; one reported higher serum vitamin C levels with vitamin C lipid metabolites than with Calcium ascorbate EC, calcium ascorbate, and ascorbic acid. No study reported retention in tissues. One study reported a favorable impact of

Iron deficiency (ID) in children, especially those under five years, has a well-recognized negative impact on development and growth. However, the potential for reversibility with iron supplementation remains debatable. Therefore, we aimed in this double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to investigate the effect of the novel iron preparation, Liposomal Iron (LI), on the development and growth of iron-deficient children. For iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and non-anemic iron deficiency (NAID), 433 children aged 6 to 59 months underwent screening. The NAID group was divided into two groups: one group received a placebo, while the interventional group received liposomal iron for four months, as in the IDA group. Then, compared to baseline, efficacy, development, and growth were reevaluated. The NAID interventional group showed significant improvement in developmental total scores compared to the NAID placebo group with a mean difference of +29.57 versus +0.96 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the final score was notably superior in the NAID interventional group 181.5, compared to the IDA group, 175.0 (P < 0.001). Liposomal iron showed, in addition to good efficacy and tolerability, a favorable impact on the development and growth of iron-deficient children. However, the best results were obtained from early management prior to the onset of anemia (NAID). NAID, though common, is still underappreciated, and evidence about the benefits of giving iron to children before IDA progression is limited. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires is a reliable screening tool for development during the critical first five years of life. Through an interventional clinical trial, LI demonstrated an effective and tolerable alternative for ID treatment, while overcoming the usual adverse effects of conventional iron therapies. Growth and developmental outcomes improved significantly with early detection and treatment of ID with LI during the NAID stage than when the supplement was used after ane

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a microencapsulated liposomal nano-iron supplement, an Fe+2 supplement, black tea, a bleaching agent with a new composition and professional dental prophylaxis (PDP) on tooth color and whiteness change. Materials and Methods: 84 extracted teeth were immersed in liposomal iron, Fe+2 and black tea solutions by special apparatus. Then different applications were applied: (1) no treatment, (2) water polishing, (3) PDP, (4) bleaching with 25% hydrogen peroxide superior (HPS). Measurements were taken at baseline, 2nd, 4th, 8th week and after applications. Statistical analysis of color and whiteness changes was performed by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). Results: The effects of time, application, beverage and their interactions on color and whiteness were statistically significant (p

Background Liposomal iron, a novel oral formulation of ferric pyrophosphate that demonstrates improved gastrointestinal absorption and bioavailability with fewer side effects than conventional iron, represents a significant advancement in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). Purpose To conduct an in-depth comparative study of liposomal SunActive and conventional iron supplements (iron polymaltose complex) for treating IDA in children aged 2–12 years Methods This prospective randomized controlled trial included 192 children who visited the outpatient clinic of the Pediatric Department at Menoufia University Hospital and were diagnosed with IDA. The patients were divided into group 1, 96 pediatric patients receiving oral liposomal SunActive iron; and group 2, 96 pediatric patients treated with conventional oral iron (iron polymaltose complex). Results After 1 month of oral iron therapy, group 1 exhibited higher hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, and serum iron levels and greater transferrin saturation than group 2. After 6 months of oral iron therapy, hemoglobin level (P<0.001), iron profile (P<0.001), and growth-related anthropometric measurements were higher in group 1 versus group 2 (P<0.001for z score for weight). Conclusion Iron supplements effectively improve anthropometric measurements, complete blood count parameters, and iron profiles. However, orally administered liposomal SunActive iron exhibits better effects, reduced drug refusal rates, and improved compliance rates, thereby benefiting children's growth.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast serves as a nutritional supplement and food additive that may offer highly bioavailable iron. Several studies have demonstrated the viability of using iron-chelating oligopeptides to treat anaemia, suggesting that their production in yeast cells could advantageously provide an easy-to-use supplement. In this study, an in vivo cloning strategy was optimized to construct a semi-random plasmid library that enables the production of oligopeptides with six repetitions of Asp/Glu-Asp/Glu-Leu sequences. In these sequences, the first and second positions can include either aspartate or glutamate residues, while the third is always leucine. Additionally, several plasmids were constructed to allow the study of variants of the Arg-Glu-Glu oligopeptide, previously reported as an iron chelator. In each case, the required plasmid constructions were performed using an in vivo cloning strategy in S. cerevisiae, based on gap repair by homologous recombination. The procedure involves the co-transformation of yeast cells with the linearized plasmid and the fragment to be cloned, both with homologous flanking sequences. The resulting transformants harbor the correctly assembled plasmids and begin expressing the cloned genes, thereby enabling immediate analysis of the synthesized oligopeptides with known or semi-random sequences.

BACKGROUND Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and oral mucositis (OM) are common adverse events during cancer chemotherapy and can significantly decrease patients' quality of life and chemotherapy adaptation, however, prevention strategies of these complications yet to be established. METHODS Patients with stage I-III breast cancer, who had surgery and needed pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD)-based adjuvant chemotherapy were screened, recruited and randomly assigned to receive either probiotics or placebo (three capsules, twice/day) treatment during the course of chemotherapy from Nov. 2019 to Aug. 2020. The incidence and severity of PLD related HFS and OM, and patients' quality of life were assessed. Their plasma biomarkers, metabolites and faecal microbiota compositions were measured. And the results were further verified in animal experiments. RESULTS Probiotics supplement during PLD treatment significantly decreased the incidence and the severity of HFS and OM (P < 0.001), improved patients' life quality (P < 0.001), increased the relative abundance of intestinal Enterococcus (P = 0.025) and mitigated the changes of seven plasma metabolites. Among these metabolites, the changes of p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol (MDO) (B = - 0.441, P = 0.02) and L-Arginine (B = - 0.586, P = 0.002) were negatively correlated with the occurrence of severe HFS and OM. MDO can partly reproduce the preventive effects of probiotics on PLD-related skin cell proliferating inhibition, DNA damage, and local inflammation in rats. CONCLUSION Probiotics supplement during PLD-based chemotherapy prevents the incidence and severity of HFS and OM, which may be associated with modulating plasma metabolites including the MDO. TRIAL REGISTRATION

Limonin is a natural tetracyclic triterpenoid compound in citrus seeds that presents hepatoprotective effects but is often discarded as agricultural waste because of its low content and low solubility. Herein, limonin with high purity (98.11%) from citrus seeds was obtained via purification by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and recrystallization. Limonin-loaded liposomes (Lip-LM) prepared by thin film hydration and high pressure homogenization method to enhance its solubility and hepatoprotective effect on APAP-induced liver injury (AILI). Lip-LM appeared as lipid nanoparticles under a transmission electron microscope, and showed well dispersed nano-scale size (69.04 ± 0.42 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (93.67% ± 2.51%), sustained release, fine stability. Lip-LM also exhibited significantly better hepatoprotective activity on AILI than free limonin in vivo. In summary, Lip-LM might be used as a potential hepatoprotective agent in the form of dietary supplement and provide an effective strategy to improve the potential value of citrus seeds.

Estudio clínico 2024 en pacientes con ERC no dializados que muestra que el hierro liposomal mejora la biodisponibilidad del hierro y genera un flujo hacia el torrente sanguíneo disponible para la eritropoyesis, con menor incidencia de efectos secundarios gastrointestinales.

Background: The study presents two distinct analytical methods tailored for the precise determination of curcumin (CUR) and nicotinamide (NIC) within liposomal formulations, addressing the needs of researchers and analysts in the biomedical and food supplement sectors. Method: UV spectrophotometry provides a swift and cost-effective solution for quantification, while High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) offers enhanced specificity and sensitivity, particularly in complex matrices. Method validation, especially for HPLC, ensures reliability and suitability for rigorous analysis, advancing the field of Analytical Chemistry and strengthening development and quality assurance processes in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Results: The encapsulation efficiencies of CUR and NIC into liposomes, primarily composed of DPPC and CHO, were found to be 30% ± 6% and 80% ± 5%, respectively. The developed analytical methods using UV spectrophotometry and reverse-phase HPLC demonstrated robustness and efficiency, allowing for the simultaneous analysis of CUR and NIC with high specificity, accuracy, and precision. Validation according to ICH Q2 guidelines revealed excellent system suitability, linearity, and robustness, with relative standard deviation consistently below 2%. Stability studies over three weeks at 4°C showed minimal changes in liposomal characteristics, indicating good stability. Furthermore, release studies at 37°C demonstrated enhanced solubility and increased release of curcumin, suggesting the potential of the liposomal formulation for drug delivery applications. Conclusion: This study developed straightforward, time-efficient, and cost-effective analytical methods using UV spectrophotometry and reverse-phase HPLC to quantify CUR and NIC encapsulated in liposomal formulations.

Recent research supports previous contentions that encapsulating vitamins and minerals with liposomes help improve overall bioavailability. This study examined whether ingesting a liposomal multivitamin and mineral supplement (MVM) differentially affects the appearance and/or clearance of vitamins and minerals in the blood compared to a non-liposomal MVM supplement. In a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced manner, 34 healthy men and women fasted for 12 h. Then, they ingested a non-liposomal (NL) or liposomal (L) MVM supplement and a standardized snack. Venous blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after MVM ingestion and analyzed for a panel of vitamins and minerals. Plasma levels of vitamins and minerals and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using general linear model statistics with repeated measures. The observed values were also entered into pharmacokinetic analysis software and analyzed through univariate analysis of variance with repeated measure contrasts. The results revealed an overall treatment x time interaction effect among the vitamins and minerals evaluated (p = 0.051, ηp2 = 0.054, moderate effect). Differences between treatments were also observed in volume distribution area (vitamin E, iron), median residence time (vitamin E, iron), volume distribution area (iron), volume of distribution steady state (vitamin A, E, iron), clearance rates (vitamin A, E), elimination phase half-life (vitamin E, iron), distribution/absorption phase intercept (vitamin A), and distribution/absorption phase slope and rate (vitamin C, calcium). Vitamin volume distribution was lower with liposomal MVM ingestion than non-liposomal MVM sources, suggesting greater clearance and absorption since similar amounts of vitamins and minerals were ingested. These findings indicate that coating a MVM with liposomes affects individual nutrient pharmacokinetic profiles. Additional research should evaluate how long-term suppleme

To increase the sexual activity and sperm quality of rams during the period of sexual rest, it is necessary to increase the consumption rates of vitamins and microelements to the level of the mating season. The aim of the work was to find out the effect of feeding a liposomal vitamin-mineral supplement on the quality parameters of ram sperm during the period of sexual rest. The experiment was conducted on 12 clinically healthy Texel rams, aged 2–4 years, during the period of sexual rest (March–May). Animals were divided into two groups: control and experimental, 6 heads each. The control rams received the basic diet, the animals of the experimental group were individually added to the combined feed for 45 days with a feed additive in the form of a liposomal emulsion, which included: vitamins A, D3, E, C and zinc gluconate. After the end of supplement feeding, ejaculates were collected from the rams for research. The motility, kinetic indicators of sperm, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome oxidase (CO) in sperm, as well as the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO) and catalase (CAT) were determined. It was established that feeding liposomal vitamin-mineral supplement to rams during the period of sexual rest significantly (P < 0.05) increases sperm activity, their kinetic indicators: curvilinear (VCL), straight-line (VSL) and average speed (VAP) of sperm movement (P < 0.05–0.001), the activity of enzymes – markers of the fertilizing capacity of SDH and CO sperm (P < 0.05–0.001). At the same time, there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the activity of SOD with a simultaneous significant (by 23.3–25.0 %) increase in the activity of GPO and CAT (P < 0.01). Higher indicators of the quality of ejaculates of rams under the influence of vitamins A, D3, E, C and zinc gluconate indicate the possibility of obtaining high-quality sperm from breeding rams during the period of sexual re