Lion's Mane

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of an electronic dosing apparatus (Gestal Multi – unit (GMU)) under commercial conditions and to identify potential sources of variation in supplement delivery. The study was conducted on a commercial sow farm in southwestern Minnesota equipped with the Gestal 3G feeding system (Jyga Technologies, St-Lambert-de-Lauzon, QC, Canada). Feeding stations (n = 88) were tested between January and June 2025 and provided 175 evaluations. Each observation represented the total daily feed dispensed for an individual sow across five feeding allowances that targeted a desired body condition. Individual drops were manually collected and weighed from both the feed delivery line and the doser line to determine the actual amount dispensed. For each feeding event, the feed and supplement were delivered in 3 to 6 drops, with each drop dispensing only a fraction of the total allotment. Delivery lines were calibrated before each testing period to ensure standardization. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA to evaluate the effect of feeding allowances on precision (deviation from the expected value) and accuracy (repeatability of delivery) and by simple linear regression to assess the relationship between total amount delivered and deviation from the programmed target of each allowance. The total feed delivered (feed delivery (Line 1) plus doser (Line 2)) was close to the expected values, with mean deviations ranging from –1.1% to –2.9%. Feeding allowances had no significant effect on percentage deviation for either total feed (P = 0.60) or supplement delivery (P = 0.16). Overall, the GMUs consistently underdelivered relative to target values (mean –10.5 g or –7%) which indicates a systematic shortfall. The magnitude of underdeliver increased as the quantity being delivered decreased. Sampling date significantly affected accuracy of delivery (P < 0.02), which suggests that environmental factors such as temperature,

The aim of our study was to assess the effects of low or high-starch diets with or without palmitic acid (C16:0) supplementation on the yield of milk, milk components, and energy partitioning of primiparous and multiparous dairy cows between mid and late-lactation. Thirty-two Holstein cows, 12 primiparous ([mean ± SD] 163 ± 33 d in milk) and 20 multiparous ([mean ± SD] 179 ± 37 d in milk), were used in a split-plot Latin square design. Parity was considered the main plot, and within each plot, treatments were then randomly assigned in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with 21 d periods and balanced for carryover effects. Treatments were in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary starch level and fatty acid (FA) supplementation as main factors. The starch factor comprised either low (LS; 16% of diet dry matter [DM]) or high (HS; 32% of diet DM) dietary starch. Dietary starch was altered by varying the proportion of ground corn, whole cottonseed, and soyhulls, with LS and HS diets containing ∼15 and 18% forage neutral detergent fiber (fNDF) and ∼37 and 25% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively. The FA supplementation factor consisted of either control with no FA supplementation (CON) or a C16:0-enriched supplement at 1.5% of diet DM replacing soyhulls (PALM). Compared with LS, HS increased plasma insulin (0.20 μg/L) and energy partitioning to body reserves (2.04 percentage-units), tended to increase body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) change, and decreased dry matter intake (DMI; 1.10 kg/d), milk fat yield (0.04 kg/d) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN; 2.10 mg/dL). Compared with CON, PALM increased energy output to milk (1.10 Mcal/d), the yields of milk fat (0.10 kg/d), 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM; 1.90 kg/d) and energy corrected milk (ECM; 1.60 kg/d), and had no effect on BW-related variables. We observed a 3-way interaction between parity, starch, and FA supplementation affecting multiparous but not primiparous cows, where PALM increased plasma insulin c

Objetivo: comparar biomateriales Biodentine, CEM cement y MTA en procedimientos de pulpotomía en dientes permanentes inmaduros. Método: revisión sistemática siguiendo metodología PRISMA 2020. Se realizó búsqueda en bases de datos EBSCO, PubMed, Elsevier y Biblioteca Cochrane, incluyendo 10 estudios que evaluaron eficacia clínica y radiográfica de los biomateriales. Resultados: Los tres materiales mostraron tasas de éxito superiores al 85% en preservación de vitalidad pulpar. MTA demostró mayor capacidad de formación de puente dentinario y propiedades antibacterianas, pero presenta tiempo de fraguado prolongado (3 horas) y costo elevado. Biodentine mostró resultados similares a MTA con ventajas significativas: tiempo de fraguado corto (12 minutos), fácil manipulación y menor inflamación tisular. CEM cement exhibió propiedades antibacterianas y capacidad de liberación de iones de calcio, aunque con menor formación de tejido mineralizado comparado con MTA y Biodentine. Conclusión: Los tres biomateriales son viables para pulpotomía en dientes permanentes inmaduros.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a multi-ingredient preworkout supplement (MIPS) on isometric, concentric, and eccentric peak torque and electromyographic (EMG) responses of the leg extensors during a fatiguing isokinetic protocol. Thirteen male subjects (mean age ± SD = 22.9 ± 2.2 years) were assigned in crossover fashion to ingest an MIPS or placebo before an isokinetic protocol that consisted of 30 maximal, concentric and eccentric muscle actions with EMG signals recorded from the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis muscles. Immediately before (PRE) and after (POST) the isokinetic fatigue protocol, subjects were assessed for isometric peak torque. The MIPS condition resulted in greater isometric (205 ± 48 vs. 185 ± 44 N·m, p = 0.04) and concentric (121 ± 34 vs. 103 ± 27 N·m, p = 0.015) torque values versus placebo (collapsed across time). For eccentric peak torque as well as EMG amplitude and frequency values, there were no significant (p > 0.05) interactions or main effects for each condition. These findings indicated that acute ingestion of the MIPS enhanced isometric and concentric peak torque of the leg extensors, which was not explained by changes in the EMG signal.

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has grown in recent years to supplement or even replace traditional fabrication methods. Specifically, the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process has been used to manufacture components in support of sustainment issues, where obsolete components are hard to procure. While LPBF can be used to solve these issues, much work is still required to fully understand the metal AM technology to determine its usefulness as a reliable manufacturing process. Due to the complex physical mechanisms involved in the multiscale problem of LPBF, repeatability is often difficult to achieve and consequently makes meeting qualification requirements challenging. The purpose of this work is to provide a review of the physics of metal AM at the melt pool and part scales, thermomechanical simulation methods, as well as the available commercial software used for finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics modeling. In addition, metal AM process qualification frameworks are briefly discussed in the context of the computational basis established in this work.

Objetivo: Analizar evidencia sobre reabsorción radicular externa mediante revisión sistemática de literatura científica reciente. Método: Revisión sistemática narrativa de 15 artículos publicados 2017-2024 seleccionados mediante protocolo de búsqueda en MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo, Elsevier y Medigraphic, aplicando análisis cualitativo con enfoque descriptivo transversal. Resultados: Reabsorción radicular externa se clasifica en cinco tipos: inflamatoria, reemplazo, cervical, superficial y colapso apical transitorio. Patel et al. establecieron criterios diagnósticos basados en altura y extensión circunferencial. CBCT optimiza el diagnóstico. Conclusiones: Ortodoncia representa factor de riesgo significativo (48-66% incidencia). Tratamiento varía desde endodoncia con hidróxido de calcio o selladores biocerámicos (MTA) hasta cirugía o exodoncia según severidad lesional. Diagnóstico temprano y monitorización radiográfica periódica son críticos para preservar estructura dental.

This study evaluated the synthesis of copper nanoparticles from copper sulfate using liquid cultures of the Lion's Mane mushroom through redox processes. The fungal cultures were grown in malt broth (EH) over a period of 7 days. The synthesis was performed using CuSO₄ concentrations of 1 and 5 mM in 1:1 and 1:3 (EH: CuSO₄) proportions and maintained under agitation for 48 and 96 hours to stabilize the obtained copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). UV-Vis spectra and particle size distribution were evaluated. The results demonstrated that Cu NPs biosynthesis is feasible under the proposed conditions, with absorption peaks in the spectra between 295 and 300 nm. DLS analysis revealed heterogeneous particle sizes in a very wide range between 27 and 3896 nm. This work shows that the synthesis of CuNPs using the Lion's Mane mushroom is viable and highlights the significant effect of biosynthesis conditions on particle size distribution.

The tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) has significant ecological, economic, and cultural importance in southeast Mexico, where aquaculture is increasing and fish are frequently exposed to stress. In this sense, feed additives such as sage (Salvia officinalis) strengthen organisms’ growth, immune systems, antioxidant capacities, and digestive capabilities. A 30-day experiment was conducted on larvae to determine the effect of different concentrations of sage essential oil (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% treatments) supplemented in balanced diets. Significant differences (p < 0.05) between 0.5% and 2% sage oil supplement treatments for average weight were found. The highest acid and alkaline proteases, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, amylase, and lipase activities were obtained for the sage oil-supplemented treatments. In contrast, trypsin showed the highest activity for treatment 0%, followed by diets with 0.5% and 2% sage oil. Regarding the antioxidant enzymatic activity for GPx, CAT and SOD, the highest activity was obtained in the diet with 1% sage oil, while in PEROx, the highest activity was recorded in the treatment with 0%, 1.5% and 2% S. officinalis supplementation. On the other hand, for relative gene expression, the highest expression was observed in sage-supplemented treatments for the nod, zo-1, zo-2, and occ genes. In contrast, the lowest expression was found in supplemented treatments for the il-10 and muc2 genes. These findings suggest that incorporating sage essential oil into the diets of tropical gar larvae, particularly at concentrations of 1.66% and 1.77%, holds potential for enhancing aquaculture practices for this important species.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by severe inflammation and fibrosis due to an excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in the liver with a dysregulated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of YC-1102, an extract obtained from the roots of Rosa multiflora, as a nutritional supplement in a diet-induced NASH mouse model. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were fed a fructose, palmitate, and cholesterol (FPC)-containing diet for 16 weeks to induce experimental NASH. A daily oral gavage of YC-1102 and obetichoic acid (OCA) was conducted for 9 weeks. After sacrifice, disease parameters related to hepatic lipids, inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated. The treatment with YC-1102 significantly decreased the liver/body weight ratio, epididymal fat weight, and plasma ALT and AST levels, which are indicators of NASH injuries. YC-1102 attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting the transcription of DNL genes in the livers exhibiting NASH. Additionally, we found that YC-1102 blocked the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by directly disturbing macrophage activation, resulting in an amelioration of hepatic fibrosis. Our findings suggest that YC-1102 could ameliorate NASH progression by inhibiting uncontrolled DNL and inflammation.

El reconocimiento de que la superficie de las esculturas ibéricas estaba pintada se remonta a finales del siglo XIX, pero la mala o nula conservación de los pigmentos y el aprecio histórico de las superficies blancas, llevó a valorarlas casi exclusivamente por la calidad de su talla. Lo cierto es que una parte importante de la expresividad de las figuras se manifestaba a través del color y los diseños pintados, así como a través de la labra. Ignorar este hecho ha llevado a errores, incluso en la identificación de las piezas. Es el caso del león de Elche, considerado tradicionalmente una leona debido a la aparente ausencia de la melena que caracteriza a los animales machos. Sin embargo, la aplicación de filtros fotográficos y el estudio en detalle de su superficie, ha permitido reconocer que los mechones de pelo fueron dibujados con pigmento rojo, variando su diseño en la cabeza y el cuello. La constatación de este hecho concreta la personalidad del “carnívoro”, una representación a menudo indefinida en la iconografía ibérica.

Lion's mane reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety after 4 weeks.

Double-blind trial showing lion's mane improves cognitive function in elderly.

Lion's mane compounds stimulate nerve growth factor production.